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Mudchute

 

an infant is trying to kill me
to dish me up
hi goosey
butts in again
on the warm carriage seat
the comic image
storyboard entirely of
gooseys
on blue backgrounds
marker-pen gooseys that slot in
always on schedule
carousel of gooseys
that I stroke finally
on the DLR and in the armchair
and at the hot desk
and beside you in bed their feathered down
and feathered flight
their deep layering
of feathers I stroke and never stop
non-visual entirely close my eyes to
avoid smoothing out life
disavow
the mechanics the stabilising tech
close my eyes
for the rush
of stable thrown-up gooseys on blue
backgrounds
or the well-turned-out aristocratic man
who gently
cuts his own throat with a penknife
the gooseys
and the penknife
butting in
on the bus always there as I try to listen
to you my bubble throat
the fucking hanging geese
cut gasps
involuntary thuds
as you get to the good bit totally
feeling geese here
tinny but at all times
geese and throat-cuts
for years and nobody knows about this
the comfort
of the constant geese and penknives
constant in the summer heat
under the clamped overcast sky
that slot and cut and slip their way in
expose themselves
then leave then come back magic
lantern of geese and knives
feathered nooses in black marker pen
on a baby blue background
like on a playing card
playing out as comfort
always returned to
skidding about in the Mudchute snow
seasonal work
on the DLR
against the dockland basin
the cormorants ducking for small fishes
the lone turtle on the nest
of the great-crested grebe her babies on her back
in the trash
among the baby blue plastics
jut-in daydreams of mutilation
walling in the deep interior
indoor swimming pool
gently scalding this is an imposition
all these trinkets
penknives like the lace
of accumulated history
clouding the receptive mind
laboriously quiet
all the mute sparkplugs of accreted
emotional and physical violence
of the forties the violences
of the fifties you suffered
the violence suffered by your friends
at the hands of their partners
in the fifties
and then the sixties
and the accumulating griefs
of the waning boom
and the community support decampment
to the village to the
home to the fenced garden
and the violences of the seventies
and their re-emergence as the infants
that make settlements on invisible ridges
hungry
packed into the cells
little iceskaters
on the synapses
and the resurgence of your material history
as the driver of entire collapse
skiing off the mountain
and the three-day week
and malevolent polishing
down
abrading like hide
the entire visible
surface everything seen
into a mirrored substitute
for lack
of acknowledgement
attention or recognition from the
coalface men escaping the draft
close my eyes
closed over
honk honk
and so on back to the first
at the table
in the corner
jaded and sullen
silent under the banker’s lamp
in the armchair
making professional the home
polishing kid-skin
scrubbing eyes blank
securing the territory
exploding the bridge
corralling bodies
evading account
the totally primary one
in the 13th century or
1850 give or take
or the armourer in 1945 in Berlin
and then grief again
chew chew
and the violences of the eighties
and the withdrawal of investments
and the sourcing of cheap coal from
apartheid South Africa
and the booming love
of pit closure
and canny effacement
close the book
close
dynamic spreads of febrile thought
and fleshed-out
measurements of violence
and the insurgent
undercut
of the image static and golden
of the man
in the armchair breezily
cutting chipping away
the art project
the world in the hand
the complete desolation
of love in the brain as
the psychic scene
and the all-encompassing violence of the
distance between the psychic fact
of loss and disavowal held in the infant
and the real infant disavowed
and that distance’s continually emerging
evolving forms
waves of consuming flesh and tumours
and then the nineties audit
camp-wiring and napalm
and dustbowls
and the other saturated metonyms
for fleshed-out
ground
experience
bound to relations
isolated at birth
cut out
folks huffing down chunks
and unacknowledged
longing to open
to nip be nipped
a little
back in the kitchen
with the gherkin pot
and the cured
hanging meat
and the children
and the elderly
singing
as the steam hits the window
the poverty of administered
atomised
gapping
held at the curve of the eye
for a dream of shared life
fragmented into shards
splayed though the psychic landscape
arising as geese flight
on the bubble train
or the secure comfort
of the penknife
matter grained and spread
muck cut
across the fallow
at the basin side
by the family farm
cut promise of
beyond mutilation
full resistant life
in sung company
for that
compel children
to vomit over the flayed geese
the nooses
and the knives
the splayed integral shards
lesions spun through the brain
and the heart
vomit the globule back up
eat child get filthied regurgitate keep on

 

 

Photograph © Darren Hester

The post Mudchute appeared first on Granta.

How to Start a Blog: A Simple, Step-by-Step Guide for Writers

Have you always wanted to start a blog?

If you’re a writer, it makes perfect sense: You can use a blog to serve as your author platform, market your work or find new freelance writing clients. Blogging is also a great way to experiment with your writing style.

If you’re searching for a good way to share your thoughts, feelings and expertise, now is a great time to start a blog.

(And no, there aren’t too many blogs out there already!)

This is the age of content — people are always looking for more to absorb, and your unique voice has a place on the vast, limitless interwebs, too. 

We’re here to help you navigate every step so you can start a blog stress-free — from choosing your domain name to publishing your first post.

Here’s how to start a blog.

1. Pick a domain name (and get that domain name for free)

First things first: setting up a blog. Where are people going to find you online? As a writer, you are your brand, so we recommend using some variation of your name.

To check availability, simply visit Bluehost and click on “new domain.” Or, search this handy domain-name checker!

Even if yourname.com isn’t available, you might find it with a different ending, such as yourname.co or yourname.io. If you’re super committed to this whole writing thing, you can also  try tacking a “writer” onto the end of your name, as in susanshainwriter.com.

Alternatively, you could opt for a creative blog name — but remember your interests and target audience may change as the years go by. When I started blogging in 2012, I focused solely on adventure travel and named my blog Travel Junkette. After expanding  my niche and services, I switched to susanshain.com because my name won’t change, no matter what I’m blogging about.

Although it wasn’t a huge deal, I wish I’d started out using my name as the domain, and would advise you not to make the same mistake I did.

Once you’ve settled on your domain (or domains, if you’re like many of us writerpreneurs!), don’t wait to buy it. Even if you’re not ready to start a blog right now, domains are cheap — and you don’t want to risk losing the one you want.

If you’re really having a hard time picking a URL, review our more detailed post on how to choose a domain name.

Before you actually click “purchase,” though, you might want to read the next step; we’re going to tell you how to get a domain name for free.

2. Purchase a hosting package

Now it’s time to choose a web host.

What’s a web host? Well, your hosting company does all the technical magic to make sure your site actually appears when people type your domain name into their browser. In other words, it’s pretty important.

While we use MediaTemple to host The Write Life, it’s typically better for blogs with lots of traffic, so you probably don’t need that if you’re just starting out.

For a new blog, try Bluehost. It’s used by top bloggers around the world and is known for its customer service and reliability.

The Write Life has a partnership with Bluehost whereby they allow our readers to purchase hosting for $2.95/month. The cool part is that INCLUDES your domain.

Oh, and pro freelancer tip: Put your purchase (and all the purchases listed in this post) on a business credit card and keep the receipts; as investments in your business, they’re tax deductible.

3. Install WordPress

We’re almost through with the techy stuff, we promise!

You have several different choices for blogging platforms, but we like WordPress best. Not only is it totally free, but it’s easy to learn, offers a wide variety of themes, and has an online community and abundance of plugins that make blogging accessible to everybody.

You can read comprehensive instructions for installing WordPress on your new blog here. Once you’ve completed that, you can officially log into your blog and start making it look pretty.

4. Put your site in “maintenance mode”

While working on your blog’s appearance, you might want to put up an “under construction” sign to greet visitors.

You don’t want any potential clients or readers to Google your name and find a half-finished site. (You may think you’re going to finish setting up your blog tomorrow, but we all know how writers procrastinate when there are no looming deadlines!)

To set up maintenance mode, just download this plugin. On your maintenance page, you could even include a link to your email newsletter or social media profiles so visitors have an alternate way of getting in touch with you. When you’re ready to share your blog with the world, simply deactivate and delete the plugin.

5. Choose a blog theme

Now we’re getting to the fun stuff! Your theme determines what your blog looks like, and you’ve got a lot of options to choose from. Yes, there’s a wide range of free themes, but if you’re serious about blogging, the customization and support offered by paid themes can’t be beat.

Here at The Write Life, we use Genesis, which is one of the most popular premium themes available. Another popular and flexible theme is Thesis. On my first blog, I used Elegant Themes, which has a wide selection of beautiful themes at a reasonable price. All of these themes come with unlimited support — essential when you’re starting a blog.

If you want your blog to be a marketing tool for your writing services, you might look for a theme with a static home page (like mine). That way, your site will look professional and appealing to everyone — whether they’re there to read your latest post or hire you for a project.

Whatever you do, make sure your theme is “responsive,” which means it automatically adjusts to look good on any device. Since more than half of website visits are made on mobile phones, this is crucial for your blog’s aesthetic.

6. Create a blog header

I think it’s always worth getting a custom header for a new blog.

You can ask your favorite graphic designer, create one with Canva or order one on Fiverr. I’ve had great luck getting headers and other graphics designed in this online marketplace, where thousands of people offer their services for $5 per gig.

Starting a blog can seem like a lot of work -- but we’ve made it easy with this step-by-step guide just for writers. Here’s how to start a blog from scratch.

7. Write your blog pages

Though you’re starting a blog and not a static website, you’ll still want a few pages that don’t change. (“Pages” are different from “posts,” which are the daily/weekly/monthly entries you publish on your blog.)

Here are some pages you may want to create:

About

The about page is frequently touted as one of the most-viewed pages on blogs, so don’t overlook it. Include a professional headshot and brief bio, and explain why you’re blogging and why the reader should care. What makes you an expert? How can you help them?

Don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through — blogging is a personal affair!

Contact

You want your readers to be able to get in touch with you, right? Then you’ll need a contact page.

It doesn’t have to be anything fancy; just tell your readers how best to reach you. Avoid putting your full email address on here, as spambots could get ahold of it. To work around that, you can use a contact form plugin, which we’ll link to below, or simply write something like “yourname AT yoursite DOT com.”

Portfolio

It’s your blog, so flaunt what you’ve got! Show your prospective clients and readers that you deserve their time and attention with examples of your past and present work.

You can see examples of great writer portfolios here; personally, I love Sara Frandina’s.

Resources

Do you have a list of favorite writing tools? Or maybe books that have inspired you? Readers love resources pages, and for bloggers, they can also be a clever way to earn income from affiliate sales. Check out The Write Life’s resources page for inspiration.

Start here

You probably won’t need this at first, but a “start here” page is smart once you have a decent amount of content. It’s a great opportunity to express your mission and highlight your best work, so your readers can see the value of your blog without wading through months or years worth of posts.

Joanna Penn does a good job with hers, encouraging readers to download her ebook and then choose a topic that interests them.

Work with me

If you’re using your new blog to sell your writing services, this page is essential. Be clear about how you can help people and how they can get in touch with you. You could even list packages of different services, like Lisa Rowan does on her site.

Once you’ve set up all your pages, make sure they’re easily accessible from the home page. If they’re not showing up, you may have to adjust your menus.

8. Install plugins

Plugins are great for everybody, especially those of us who are less comfortable with the technical side of things. Think of them as apps for your blog; they’re free tools you can install to do a variety of things.

Though having lots of plugins can undermine the functionality and security of your blog, there are several we recommend everyone look into:

Better Click-to-Tweet: Encourage readers to share your content by including a click-to-tweet box within your posts. This plugin makes it easy.

Contact Form 7: If you want to avoid putting your email address on your contact page, use this plugin, which is frequently updated and receives good reviews.

Hello Bar: Want to get readers to sign up for your free newsletter? Or want to announce the release of your latest book? This plugin allows you to create a banner for the top of your blog.

Mashshare: These share buttons are similar to  the ones you see here on The Write Life. Another minimalist  option is Simple Share Buttons Adder. It doesn’t matter which plugin you choose; it’s just important to  make social sharing easy for your readers.

Google Analytics Dashboard: This plugin tracks the visitors to your site so you can see what people are interested in and how they’re finding you.

Akismet: One of the headaches of blogging is the plethora of spam comments. This plugin will help you reduce the number of spammers that sneak through.

WP Super Cache: Another plugin that’s not sexy, but is important. Caching allows your blog to load faster — pleasing both your readers and Google.

Yoast SEO: This all-in-one SEO plugin helps you optimize your posts so you can get organic traffic from search engines.

9. Install widgets

If your blog has a sidebar, you might want to spruce it up with a few widgets, aka small boxes with different functions. That said, the minimalist look is in — so skip this step if you want to keep your sidebar simple.

Here are some ideas:

About box

You’ve probably seen this on a lot of blogs; it’s a box in the upper right hand corner welcoming you to the site. Check out The Write Life managing editor Jessica Lawlor’s blog for a good example.

Social media icons

Make it easy for your readers to follow you on social media by including links to your profiles in the sidebar. Your theme will probably include this feature, but if not, here’s a basic tutorial.

Popular posts

Once you’ve been blogging for a while, you might want to highlight your most popular posts in the sidebar, which you can do with a basic text widget. We do this here on The Write Life so you can find our most popular content quickly and easily.

10. Purchase backup software

Don’t overlook this important step just because you don’t have content yet! It’s better to install this software early than to start blogging and forget until it’s too late.

Free options exist, but I’ve never had good luck with them — and for something as important as my entire blog, I don’t mind paying a little extra. (It’s a business write-off, remember?!) Popular backup options include VaultPress, BackupBuddy and blogVault.

11. Start your email list

I know, I know — you haven’t even started blogging and I already want you to build an email list. Trust me; you’ll be so glad you did.

Alexis Grant, founder of The Write Life, agrees with me. “If I could go back and do one thing differently for my business, it would be starting a newsletter earlier,” she writes. “My email list is THAT important for my business, bringing traffic to my website, buys of my products and opportunities I never could’ve expected.”

Even if you don’t have anything to send, just start collecting email addresses. The best way to entice people to sign up is by offering a free ebook or resource. For a great example, check out The Write Life’s Freelance Writer Pitch Checklist.

My favorite email newsletter platform is Mailchimp. It’s intuitive, fun and free for up to 2,000 subscribers. There are many tools to choose from, though; here are a few more options for building your email list.

Once you’ve created your list, encourage your readers to sign up  by adding a subscription box to your sidebar, and maybe even installing a plugin like PopupAlly.

12. Write!

If you really want to start a blog, you’re going to need to…start blogging.

We recommend creating an editorial calendar — even if it’s just you blogging. It doesn’t have to be fancy; it can even be scribbled out in a notebook.

What’s important is that you plan your posts in advance, so you can keep track of your ideas and stick to a schedule. It’s also a chance to assess and tweak your content strategy. What do you want to write about? How will you draw readers in?

Don’t forget you’re writing for the web, so your style should be different than if you were writing for print. Keep your tone conversational, use “you” phrases to speak to the reader and break up text with bullet points and sub-headers. Lastly, keep SEO in mind, and grab a feature photo from sites like Unsplash and Pexels to make each post shine.

13. Promote, promote, promote

You’re almost there! Now that you’ve started writing, it’s time to get readers. And I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but for many writers, this is the most surprisingly time-consuming aspect of blogging. Though it’d be nice if we could just write (that’s what we love to do, right?), it’s nicer to have people actually read your work.

You can try guest posting on other blogs, reposting on sites like Medium and LinkedIn, or including links when writing responses in forums, Facebook groups, or on Quora. Just make sure you’re adding value — and not spamming people with your URL.

Social media is another great way to get more traffic and grow your author following. Instead of merely tooting your own horn, be sure to interact with editors, writers and bloggers, too.Share their content with your community, comment on their posts and support them when and where you can. Hopefully, they’ll return the favor!

In the end, creating a successful blog is about hard work and consistency. Keep posting helpful and engaging content, optimizing it for SEO and sharing it with your networks — and you’ll soon see your new blog start to blossom.

Congratulations, you’ve now officially started a blog as a writer. Guess it’s time to get writing!

This post contains affiliate links. That means if you purchase through our links, you’re supporting The Write Life and we thank you for that!

This is an updated version of a story that was previously published. We update our posts as often as possible to ensure they’re useful for our readers.

Photo via Solis Images / Shutterstock 

The post How to Start a Blog: A Simple, Step-by-Step Guide for Writers appeared first on The Write Life.

Match The Famous Line To The Poet Who Wrote It: How Many Can You Get Right? | Writer’s Relief

Submit To Our Review Board

Our Review Board is now open. Submit your prose, poetry, or book today!

DEADLINE: Thursday, April 16th, 2020

Match The Famous Line To The Poet Who Wrote It: How Many Can You Get Right? | Writer’s Relief

It’s National Poetry Month, the perfect time to test your knowledge of memorable lines of poetry and the poets who wrote them! The poetry fans at Writer’s Relief have created a quiz based on the most iconic poems in the English language—can you match the famous poetry line to the poet who wrote it?

Quiz: Match The Famous Line Of Poetry To The Poet

Famous Line Of Poetry:

  1. “The carriage held but just Ourselves—/And Immortality.”
  2. “I used to pray to recover you.”
  3. “April is the cruellest month”
  4. “We sing sin.”
  5. “I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness,”
  6. “But still, like dust, I’ll rise.”
  7. “Once upon a midnight dreary,”
  8. “so much depends/upon”
  9. “And that has made all the difference.”
  10. “None of these will bring disaster.”

10 Well-known Poets:

  • a. William Carlos Williams
  • b. Robert Frost
  • c. Maya Angelou
  • d. Elizabeth Bishop
  • e. Edgar Allan Poe
  • f. Sylvia Plath
  • g. Allen Ginsberg
  • h. Gwendolyn Brooks
  • i. S. Eliot
  • j. Emily Dickinson

 

Here are the poetry quiz answers:

1— j; 2—f; 3—i; 4—h; 5—g; 6—c; 7—e; 8—a; 9—b; 10—d

 

Let’s see how you did!

8-10 right: Excellent, you’re a Poetic Powerhouse!

5-7 right: Congratulations, you’re Verified Well-Versed!

4 or less: Good try! You’re a Beginner Bard! Be sure to read the works of these poets to see what you’ve been missing!

 

Question: How did you do? Let us know in the comment section!

How To Overcome Stage Fright For Your Book Reading | Writer’s Relief

Submit To Our Review Board

Our Review Board is now open. Submit your prose, poetry, or book today!

DEADLINE: Thursday, April 16th, 2020

How To Overcome Stage Fright For Your Book Reading | Writer’s Relief

Which is scarier: Standing in front of a crowd and reciting lines on stage, reading from your book to an audience of listeners—or fighting off an angry tiger? Even some of the most experienced actors might choose the temperamental tiger over dealing with stage fright. And since writers tend to be introverts rather than performers, being in front of an audience during a book reading can be truly nerve-racking. Take a deep breath and try to ignore all those people staring at you: Writer’s Relief has tips from experienced actors to help you overcome stage fright when you have a book reading event.

Easy Ways To Overcome Stage Fright During Your Book Reading Event

Prepare ahead of time. It’s always a good idea to practice your presentation before the day of your event. One really good strategy is to rehearse in front of the mirror. This will alert you to any tics or habits you may not realize you have, like repeatedly scratching your nose or twirling your hair. Reading aloud beforehand will also help identify clunky passages in your material that you might want to go over several times until you can say them without stumbling (This is a good technique for improving your writing even if you are not doing a public reading.). Ask a friend to review your performance and give you feedback.

Keep in mind that an important part of preparation is anticipating audience questions and having your rehearsed answers ready. You may have to ad lib a little, but at least you’ll know what you want to say, rather than being caught completely off guard.

Relax, relax, relax. Sure, easy for us to say! But there are a few tried-and-true techniques you can use to help calm your nerves. Some common tips to relax your voice and your body include humming, chewing gum (be sure to get rid of it before you start reading), and stretching. And, of course, breathing! Proper breathing techniques will not only help to calm you, but they’ll also support your voice, making it easier to project and therefore easier for people to hear you. One thing we don’t recommend is consuming a lot of sugar or caffeine. While you may think this will give you more energy, it’s more likely to make you feel even more jittery and nervous when adrenaline is added to the mix.

Shift your focus. When you’re focused too intently on yourself, you can become more self-conscious about the quality of your performance. Instead, choose one specific point in the room (or even one particular audience member) to look at, and redirect your nervous energy. Another effective technique is the “spotlight.” When the bright spotlight is on you, mentally turn the spotlight around toward the audience, putting the attention on them. Since you are the one “illuminating” the audience, we find this metaphor very apt! These techniques will make it easier to focus on the points you want to make so you won’t be distracted by whether your shoelace is untied or if your sweater is buttoned crooked.

Think of the audience as your friends. Believe it or not, the audience is rooting for you to succeed! They don’t want you to fail, and they’re not out to get you. If you think of your audience as friends and fans, it will be easier to connect with them, and you’ll feel less awkward. Don’t be afraid to greet people and/or smile at them—they came to your book event because they want to meet you, and they DO like you. Say something funny: Laughter has a way of putting everyone at ease, which will make your reading go much more smoothly.

Remember: It’s okay to make mistakes. If you do make a mistake—and sooner or later, we all do—simply move on. If the audience clearly notices your error, feel free to make a little joke about it. As we’ve said, a good laugh will endear you to your audience and make you appear more relatable and human. And if a minor faux pas makes your book reading event a bit more memorable, that’s actually not a bad thing.

The first time you have to stand in front of an audience and read your short stories, poetry, or book will probably be daunting, but with these helpful tips, you’ll be able to give your best presentation. And each following reading event will get easier. So if you ever have to choose between a book reading event and wrestling a tiger, be confident in saying: It’s okay, I’ve got this!

 

Question: What do you do to reduce stage fright?

 

Why “Ok.” Is the Most Terrifying Text You Could Ever Receive

Could you pick up some bread on your way back please?
– Sure.

I’ll be home by 8pm!
– Ok.

Do these text exchanges make you reel in discomfort, squeezing your emotional core? Or do they seem perfectly normal, an everyday occurrence? If you feel slightly sick inside, welcome to the club. If you’re wondering what the problem is: are you my mother? 

I’ve spent the better part of several years trying to explain to my mum how her two-letter “ok”s and overuse of periods makes me feel. She, in turn, tells me that all her friends text this way. It’s true, they do. (I checked.) But despite my concerted efforts, I can never quite find the words to explain what exactly the problem (or rather, my problem), is. Because internet. 

Because Internet by Gretchen McCulloch

No, really. In her book Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, Gretchen McCulloch writes: “Getting an Internet Person to stop overthinking a text message is just as impossible as getting people of any age to stop reading emotional nuances from tone of voice. We can’t help it.” 

This debut nonfiction book from Wired’s resident linguist is located deep within “the internet as a cultural context,” taking readers on a clear-eyed and often funny journey into the intricacies of online language. From exploring “an inequitable distribution of typographical emotional labor” to drawing a beautiful comparison between memes and embroidery, Because Internet is written for readers across linguistic generations.

Whether it’s punctuation marks, memes or deciding whether to capitalize words, the internet is constantly shaping how we write—and, as McCulloch tells us, “how you write is who you are.” Because Internet allows us to know ourselves that little bit better. 

I spoke to Gretchen McCulloch about sexy emojis, ellipses, the anti-authoritarianism of all-lowercase texts, and how democratic online language really is. 


Richa Kaul Padte: Please let’s start with emoji, because the way you situate them totally blew my mind! Emoji, you explain, are gestures— the way we talk with our bodies as well as with our words. You write: “We use emoji less to describe the world around us, and more to be fully ourselves in an online world.”

Last month, Facebook banned “sexual uses” of emoji on its platforms, including 🍆 the eggplant emoji (sometimes used to connote a dick) and 🍑 the peach emoji (sometimes a butt). While the impetus for this policy was a continued hostile offensive against sex workers online, your book also made me wonder: has this ban completely misunderstood how emoji actually work? 

Gretchen McCulloch: Facebook’s ban of emoji sort of confuses the result with the cause. The eggplant wasn’t initially a sexual emoji; in fact, there still aren’t any overtly sexual emoji. It’s people using the eggplant in sexual contexts that makes us interpret it sexually. So what I’ve seen most people predicting as a result of this particular ban is that people will find something else to use as a sexual emoji—here are lots of other objects in the emoji spectrum that one could potentially use! So while it may have a short-term effect, I don’t think the ban will actually do much in the long term. 

RKP: You write not just of emoji, but of all internet language: “once we had the technology…we used it to restore our bodies to our writing.” This makes me think of the French theorist Hélène Cixous, for whom writing, and especially women’s writing, is always an embodied act. She also believes that it is a necessary act: not just for women’s words, but for our bodies and our selves. 

There’s a study you cite in Because Internet which finds that “women lead 90 per cent of linguist change,” making them primary “language disruptors.” And I wonder, to what extent is the embodied nature of online writing born from women’s needs? Not just for communication and community, but to restore our bodies to our selves? 

What English speakers take for granted is that the internet is available primarily in their language.

GM: That’s an interesting theory! I think that as we do more writing, and as writing becomes more a part of our everyday experiences—something we do as regular communicators, and not just in the form of professionalized remote writing—its embodied aspect becomes more interesting and even more essential. So whether that’s combined specifically with women’s writing because women have often been excluded from spaces, or whether that’s simply a human need to connect with each other, I think both of those things can be true. 

RKP: Gretchen, your book is full of explanations I didn’t know I needed but now consider e s s e n t i a lespecially when trying to understand people who text differently to me (namely, my mum). Take the use of ellipses to separate sentences.  Prior to the real-time interwebz, ellipses were a way of indicating informality: from letters to recipe cards to (embarrassingly) my own early emails to friends. This also explains why people who never had an informal writing context outside the internet didn’t understand why anyone would use them. Were they trailing off? Was there a hidden message?

But now, ellipses have made a comeback! I find myself using them all the time, in texts and tweets and emails. What does this…mean?

GM: Ellipses can mean a bunch of different things depending on the context. As you said, your mum sometimes uses them to indicate informality. Other people use them to indicate a kind of trailing off. But now there’s a rising use of ellipses to sort of parodize the tendencies of older people to use ellipses a lot. In these cases, it’s used to express an incredulity or a lack of familiarity with technology—or as an ironic distancing mechanism. Essentially, they’re context-dependent, but so are a lot of things we communicate. 

RKP: Many of us have shifted to using all-lowercase letters in our internet sentences—a minimalist typography that you trace from its first days on Tumblr to its present moment in the sun as “a soft/weird aesthetic” on Twitter.  

But compared to dot dot dot, which felt very intuitive, I was a lot more conscious of this shift to minimalism in my online speech. It’s almost as if I realized that everyone I liked had started doing this thing and now I needed to…do it too? You talk often about how we use language to project who we want to be, or as a means of aligning ourselves with particular groups. Does this mean we’re all simply trying to be cool, or does emulation indicate a desire for belonging? Is there even a difference?

When smartphones capitalize everything automatically, all-lowercasing shifted into being anti-authoritarian.

GM: Dot dot dot is something that emerged from a set of existing cultural practices: it had an offline [life], so using it online for some of those purposes involved a more gradual emergence. And while minimalist typography does have historical antecedents—like e.e. cummings poems—I think its moment in the sun starts with a reaction against automatic capitalization. When smartphones capitalize everything automatically, lowercasing things takes more effort and can have additional semiotic value: “Here’s this thing I’m doing in rebellion against what the phone is trying to get me to do.”

I also think people are aware that all-lowercasing was considered a sort of lazy practice in the early days of the internet—because it was the default thing to do. And when it became no longer the default, it shifted into being anti-authoritarian, while also invoking in an ironic sense the stereotypes of those early internet users. So there are many levels of interpretation. And because all-lowercasing involves a multi-step reaction against default capitalization, I think it is something that all people do tend to do more self consciously—and less as a natural outgrowth of existing practices.

RKP: Internet language serves as community, but it also acts as a tool for exclusion. You explain how it can be “a way of repelling outsiders, of saying, ‘I don’t care if you take this the wrong way.’” That’s so true, and very much reflects how I respond to unwanted comments online: by using language that primarily makes sense to my own linguistic community. Do trolls/men/other people understand? ngl idgaf. 

But this “you can’t sit with us” energy also works to solidify existing hierarchies: class, race, caste and so on. In India, where I live, it is a visibly felt truth that internet access does not equal internet literacy—and that neither equal English fluency, much less fluency in the shape-shifting English of the internet. If “language is the ultimate participatory democracy,” does the online world still need to catch up?

GM: I think saying that language is a democracy can mean that it has the same problems that offline democracies also have. So technically we all have equal votes in a democracy, but that doesn’t mean that democracies are paragons of inclusion, or that they’re perfect and don’t need to continually address hierarchies of class, race, gender, caste and so on. I think you can be a democracy and still have lots of things to work on, and I think that’s true of both the online and the offline world. 

I definitely think there is still a lot of English dominance on the internet, though. What English speakers take for granted, especially in English speaking countries, is that the internet is available primarily in their language. And that’s definitely not true for a large portion of the world. So having phone interfaces in your language, having Wikipedia articles in your language, or when you’re trying to code a website, having keywords in a language that you can already understand—these are areas in which the internet really needs to catch up for speakers who aren’t in the top ten languages of the world.

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