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Author: Brad Johnson

Brad Johnson is an author and blogger who helps writers discover their niche, build successful habits, and quit their 9-5. His books include Ignite Your Beacon, Writing Clout and Tomes Of A Healing Heart. For strategic content and practical tips on how to become a full-time writer, visit: BradleyJohnsonProductions.com.

Introduction

What week of lockdown are we in, as I write this? I hardly know any more. Quite early on, walking at dusk, I heard whooping and clapping from houses far away, the sound carried on the wind. I stood in a field thinking of all the people who have died, and the dedication of those who had cared for them.

But soon everything that had felt so tragic and dramatic to begin with – thousands of people ill and dying, the great pause, the intense dreams, the solidarity clapping – came to feel normal. Lethargy took over, until that too wore away. I suppose most of us got used to our restricted worlds, moods and thoughts blooming and fading, and the almost imperceptible succession of phases, to do with how the light falls into a room, say, or how a new particular thing – a book, a film, a habit – establishes itself.

In Britain, a question is taken from a member of the public in the daily political briefings. A hushed voice reminds us that the Cabinet member present has not seen the question in advance, as though this were a political satire or a rehearsal, a performance of national tragedy rather than the real thing.

Alone, we stare moodily at our screens, then join meetings and smile with relief when people we know look back, face to face.

‘What have we learned from the pieces coming in during this time?’ I asked at an editorial meeting.

‘Maybe,’ someone answered, ‘that many of us already had a fragile connection with the outside world.’ It must be partly the nature of writing life, but the pieces in this issue all, in some way or other, speak to confinement or escape. Emma Cline’s story is set in a closed center, ‘not quite rehab but some way station before rehab’. The inmates include a famous TV chef: ‘Thora had read every disgusting thing G. had done’; ‘every hot-tub dickgraze’ and ‘drugged-up gropes of cowering PAs in sensible flats’. Thora herself had created teen avatars for her own gratification, not the only reason she is here. The atmosphere, or rather Thora’s state of mind, is dense with cynicism, seduction and loneliness; too dense and complex, one senses, for the nature of the care (vitamins and counselling). Ann Beattie’s protagonist opens a literary magazine and is shocked to see a photograph of her younger self with a friend and their college professor, illustrating a piece written by her former friend, an essay masquerading as fiction, inventing a love triangle in cadences that – adding insult to injury – seem an imitation of her own way of speaking when younger. Adam Nicolson’s story of a seventeenth-century English village struck by the plague reminds us how close we are to that world still, forming theories from rumours and portents, fleeing, drinking, burying the dead.

But we are also learning to pay attention. To properly see. Here is Leanne Shapton, painting interior scenes from her flat in New York, and describing what she sees. Here is Teju Cole, observing trees from walks in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Michael Hofmann, noticing ‘drifts of pollen in the gutters and on car windscreens, like gold dust’, in Gainesville, Florida.

Time is the gift, but of course there are bigger issues to grapple with; questions of freedom and captivity, of responsibility and existential threat. I could go on, finding words for dysfunctional or ineffective governance. If I don’t, it’s not from lack of interest, exactly – but the spittle of the spittlebugs on a thousand stalks of grass this morning seems more real to me now; or the hornet searching every corner of my room before it leaves, duty done. The light filters through the leaves outside my window; something moves – a dragonfly? No, a spiderweb, swaying in the wind.

I am not talking about beauty. Barry Lopez has described how observing a scene (a bear, say, feeding from a carcass) without automatically collapsing the moment into language, deepens the experience of seeing. His message applies to this pandemic too. I hope that by the time you read this, the lockdown will be over. Until then, I will be mindful of Lopez’s rules: ‘Perhaps the first rule of everything we endeavor to do is to pay attention. Perhaps the second is to be patient. And perhaps a third is to be attentive to what the body knows.’

 
Artwork © Leanne Shapton

The post Introduction appeared first on Granta.

3 Important Line Edits to Make Your Writing Shine

Ah, the line edit: one of the least favorite duties of any writer.

As off-putting as it may be, the line edit is, nevertheless, the point at which your rough first draft starts to present itself as a cleaner, more involving and enjoyable reading experience.

But line editing isn’t just one single task all by itself. Rather, it’s a venerable smorgasbord of jobs – checking for errors in grammar and punctuation, tracking down passive voice, investigating overblown dialogue tags, weeding out redundancies and repetitive phrasing…

The list goes on and on.

Using a grammar checker and editing tool like AutoCrit is a helpful way to ease the editing process, especially when it comes to line edits. AutoCrit analyzes your manuscript to identify areas for improvement, including pacing and momentum, dialogue, strong writing, word choice and repetition. For an in-depth explainer of AutoCrit’s free and premium versions, check out our full AutoCrit review.

Here are the top three line edits you can perform to get maximum benefit in minimum time – so you can have a happier time crafting that second draft.

Now, let’s make that writing shine with these editing tips.

1. Swap out adverbs

This is a cornerstone of any creative writing tuition, and for good reason. Adverbs – those modifiers we often fall back on to try and pack some extra information into our prose – are a crutch that you would do well to leave behind.

You can immediately lend greater weight to your words, and create a smoother reading experience, by substituting the vast majority of adverb combinations for a single stronger verb or adjective.

For example, you could say something was extremely loud. Or, perhaps, it would be more powerful if it were to be deafening.

A person or thing might be really big. Or maybe your reader might feel more intimidated if that person or thing were gigantic instead.

There’s a huge range of possibilities when it comes to getting rid of adverbs, and almost every substitution is guaranteed to elicit a far greater response in the imagination of your reader.

Weeding out adverbs also has the beneficial effect of making your passages leaner, meaning simpler management of pace and cadence (a benefit for you) and more effortless reading for your audience. So it’s a win-win!

2. Eliminate filler words

One of the easiest tasks during any line edit, eliminating filler is a process that shouldn’t be skipped.

Filler words bog down sentences, belabor paragraphs and pad out pages entirely unnecessarily. This makes your writing take much more attention and mental effort to read than is justifiable.

The last thing you want is for a reader to realize they’ve just waded through two pages of prose and gained next to no worthwhile information. Yawn!

Some of the most common filler words to look out for are:

  • Just
  • Really
  • Very
  • That
  • Then
  • Even

Check your writing to see if instances of these words can be removed without lowering comprehension. If the sentence works just fine without them, the filler words can go.

This step makes for a simple big win during the editing process – because even if you don’t make use of editing software, it’s still easy to perform a manual search inside any modern word processing program and be on your way to a perfect economy of words.

3. Investigate sentence starters

Sentence starters are quite an uncommon factor when thinking about your line edit – but the impact of taking them into account can be magnificent.

Check, in particular, for sentences that begin with a pronoun, character name or conjunction.

When describing the actions of a character throughout a passage, it’s often tempting to start with the character name before progressing with he/she did this, then he/she did that, and continuing along the same path.

This can lead to unintended repetition, as the actions arrive staccato:

Greg opened his eyes and stared at the ceiling. He blinked slowly, trying to clear the fog from his vision. He looked to his side, where the alarm clock read a quarter past seven. He rolled onto his side and groaned. Here we go again, he thought.

When you pay attention to how sentences start, it makes you think more closely about alternative constructions that might be smoother to read, more interesting in terms of rhythm or that could offer more opportunity to build setting or character.

Let’s say we’d read that example in our first draft. There’s a lot of he starting sentences there, so it could definitely do with a bit of modification:

Greg opened his eyes and stared at the ceiling. Groggy, he blinked a few times in an effort to clear the haze from his vision. Once he could focus, he turned his head to the side and glanced at the alarm clock. A quarter past seven. He rolled onto his side and groaned in futile defiance. Here we go again.

How a sentence starts can dictate how it will end and/or limit what it may contain – the stage is set in the beginning, so take some time to look at your sentence starters as anchor points for information. Are they causing you to lose opportunities for a more involving, imaginative read?

At AutoCrit, our investigations into a wide range of bestselling novels afford us unrivaled insight into their construction. Here are some statistical readings from various titles that show the percentage of sentences within the manuscript that begin with a pronoun or character name. 

A Game of Thrones by George R.R. Martin: 48.85%

A Clash of Kings by George R.R. Martin: 45.66%

A Storm of Swords by George R.R. Martin: 46.60%

A Feast for Crows by George R.R. Martin: 46.11%

A Dance with Dragons by George R.R. Martin: 41.74%

The Martian by Andy Weir: 42.85%

The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins : 40.05%

The Next Always by Nora Roberts: 52.34%

Pet Sematary by Stephen King: 49.20%

Misery by Stephen King: 45.85%

Outlander by Diana Gabaldon: 45.39%

The numbers are remarkably similar, with it being a rarity for a successful, published novel to contain more than 50% of sentences beginning with a pronoun or name. Do your stories follow the same trend? 

The first edit of a first draft can be a rocky time, so prioritize these three line edits for your next manuscript and feel your confidence rise more quickly than you’d expect.

Do you agree with our top choices? Share your most impactful edits in the comments below.

This post contains affiliate links. That means if you purchase through our links, you’re supporting The Write Life — and we thank you for that!

Photo via JKstock / Shutterstock 

The post 3 Important Line Edits to Make Your Writing Shine appeared first on The Write Life.

8 Books to Take You Back to the 1980s

Ah, the 1980s. New Wave, post-punk, huge hair, the brat pack. Dancing next to Grace Jones at AREA, eating at The Empire Diner at 4 a.m., and spying artist Keith Haring drawing on New York subway walls with chalk. The ’80s was an age of fantasy and freedom. So why are novels set in the 1980s so sad? Because beneath a veneer of hedonism and fun, the 1980s was an era of intractable social stratification, racism, and thousands of deaths from AIDS. There was little sympathy in the air—the 1980s was a materialistic, cynical, and mean decade. Television shows like Dynasty and Dallas glamorized corruption and competition. Reagan’s trickle-down economics and tax cuts for the 1% sharpened the divide between the haves and the have-nots. It is chilling and inevitable to compare the US government’s reaction to AIDS to COVID-19. Just as the Trump administration has allowed the virus to run rampant and to ravage the U.S., the Reagan administration denied AIDS as a health crisis for most of the decade.

Age of Consent by Amanda Brainerd

I was a teenager in the 80s, and in my novel, Age of Consent, I explore themes from the decade through the lens of my teenage characters. My protagonist, Justine Rubin, a Jewish scholarship student from an intellectual but impoverished family, arrives at boarding school in Connecticut. Justine befriends Eve Shapiro, a sheltered girl from a wealthy New York family. Both Jewish, they hail from different backgrounds, yet forge a deep friendship. Justine must navigate complex class hierarchies, and slowly learns the nuances between the wealth of the Upper East Side and Soho and how her friends Eve, India and Clay fit into this unfamiliar class and wealth puzzle. The novel is set in 1983 when the United States was in the grip of AIDS but in deep denial. 

February Grace Notes | Mac's Backs-Books on Coventry

The Prettiest Star by Carter Sickels 

Sickels’ novel is a beautiful and poignant portrait of a young man returning to die in the rural community that rejected him. It is a new kind of portrait of the AIDS crisis, told as a closely observed family drama.

Christodora by Tim Murphy

The Christadora is a famous apartment building in NYC’s East Village, and its evolution from a squat to luxury apartments has become a symbol of the neighborhood’s gentrification. This ambitious novel moves between the Tompkins Square riots of the 1980s, which were aimed at eliciting a proper governmental response to AIDS, to the glass high rises of today. Murphy paints a compelling picture of the community of activists that transformed queer life in the 1980s, and the people who stood in solidarity to show the world that AIDS was a disease that affected more than just gay men. 

Sag Harbor by Colson Whitehead

Sag Harbor by Colson Whitehead

An intimate portrait of the wealthy Black community in the Hamptons, Whitehead’s coming of age novel is set in 1985 and follows 15-year-old Benji during a summer in Sag Harbor at his moneyed parents’ house. Growing up, I was keenly aware of the racism and anti-Semitism in the Hamptons, which was the New York City version writ large, fueled by money and hidden behind private hedges. 

Swing Time by Zadie Smith

Swing Time by Zadie Smith

This is a tale of the bond between two teenage girls from the projects, and the story of how friendship can tether us to home and comfort even if we travel far away.

Tell the Wolves I'm Home

Tell the Wolves I’m Home by Carola Rifka Blunt

Another beautiful and personal story of loss. June adores her uncle Finn, a successful artist. When he dies of a mysterious disease that June’s mother cannot bear to name, June sees a strange man hanging around Finn’s funeral. A few days later, she receives her uncle’s teapot, with a note from this man, Toby, her uncle’s lover. June and Toby form an unlikely friendship, sharing stories and memories of Finn in order to heal, while June’s sister Greta is unraveling. 

Red at the Bone by Jacqueline Woodson

Red at the Bone by Jacqueline Woodson

Woodson’s glorious story of an unexpected teen pregnancy bursts with stunning prose. The story revolves around Iris, a Black teen from a prosperous family, and Aubrey, the son of a struggling single mother. When Iris gets pregnant, the story explodes, divides, and mutates. Woodson examines the choices we make and the ripples that never dissipate.

Black Swan Green by David Mitchell

Black Swan Green by David Mitchell

An exquisite coming of age novel is set in a rural British village in the 1980s. The novel is composed of thirteen chapters that stand alone as stories themselves. I loved the precocious voice of 13-year-old Jason, and how Mitchell portrays the world, once magical, sometimes macabre, through Jason’s young eyes.

Veronica by Mary Gaitskill

Veronica by Mary Gaitskill

Gaitskill is a master of the deadpan. But beneath her vicious descriptions of cruelty, debauchery, and self-harm, lies a tenderness towards her characters, which once discovered is all the more incisive. Veronica alternates between the present and the past of the 1980s, a narrative that the New York Times accurately described as a “’where are they now’ for the Nan Goldin crew.”

The post 8 Books to Take You Back to the 1980s appeared first on Electric Literature.

Here’s What’s On Your Favorite Authors’ Bookshelves Right Now | Writer’s Relief

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Here’s What’s On Your Favorite Authors Bookshelves Right Now | Writer’s Relief

Over the past few months, we’ve all had more time to read—including famous authors! In this article on LitHub.com, Writer’s Relief found a great list of all the books your favorite authors are reading right now. For instance, Anne Tyler is spending her time reading Eudora Welty’s The Golden Apples and Alexander McCall Smith has been enjoying the Sword of Honour trilogy by Evelyn Waugh. You may be surprised by what’s on Judy Blume’s bookshelf!

You can see the complete list of books that 100 authors are reading here.

 

The Brothers Grimm: A New Translation

In this week’s Dispatches from The Secret Library, Dr Oliver Tearle enjoys a new translation of the classic fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm Snow White, Rapunzel, Hansel and Gretel, and Rumpelstiltskin: these names are among those we meet during our earliest years, with the stories they summon never leaving […]

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